Source · Prevention of Future Deaths

James Fletcher

Ref: 2019-0146 Date: 1 May 2019 Coroner: Tim Holloway Area: Blackpool & Fylde Responses identified: 1 / 1 View PDF

Inadequate guidance for caring for non-verbally communicative patients, poor record-keeping with missing entries and incomplete records, and significant miscommunication among medical and nursing staff compromised patient care.

Date 1 May 2019
56-day deadline 23 Sep 2019 est.
Responses identified 1 of 1
Hospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths

Coroner's concerns

AI summary
Inadequate guidance for caring for non-verbally communicative patients, poor record-keeping with missing entries and incomplete records, and significant miscommunication among medical and nursing staff compromised patient care.
View full coroner's concerns
During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my opinion  there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. 1) I  am  concerned  that,  whilst  there  exist  policies  concerned  with  the  provision  of  care  to  those  patients with learning disabilities there may be a lack of disseminated guidance and protocols for the  care of those patients who are unable to communicate verbally. It is of particular concern that, in  such cases, measures should be identified by which a method of communication can be established  and/or appropriate measures should be put in place to compensate for any lack of communication  verbally, including but not necessarily limited to the use of objective observations. 
2) There  is  a  risk  of  future  deaths  because both  patient care  and the  opportunity  to  learn  valuable  lessons following a death may be compromised by issues pertaining to the quality of record keeping  and to the retention of records.  Whilst it is understood that “NEWS 2” is being introduced and supersedes the early warning score  system being used at the time of the Deceased’s death and whilst the early warning score system in  use at the time does not, therefore, form the subject matter of this report:  a) I am concerned that the evidence revealed that substantial periods of time elapsed, at times  measuring  9  or  more  hours,  when  no  entry  was  made  in  the  Deceased’s  History  Sheet,  notwithstanding the deteriorating nature of the Deceased’s condition. This approach to record  keeping carries the risk of material information concerning the condition and care of patients  not being communicated between medical, nursing and other clinicians;  b) Complete records were not provided to the Court in accordance with directions given prior to  the inquest. It was understood from the Trust that complete records were unavailable and yet it  transpired on the first day of the inquest that further records were available but had not been  found and produced previously. I am concerned that the system of record keeping gives rise to a  risk  that  patients’  records  which  are  material  to  their  ongoing  care  will  be  lost  or  otherwise  inaccessible.  c) I  am  concerned  that,  without  records  of  appropriate  quality  being  made  and  retained,  the  opportunity to learn lessons through the process of internal investigations and, should it arise,  the Coroner investigation and inquest process will be compromised. 
3) I am concerned that communications between medical staff, between nursing staff and between  medical and nursing staff should be accurate and that it should be ensured that they have been  understood.  By  way  of  example,  in  this  matter,  there  was  either  miscommunication  or  misunderstanding  of  the  position  concerning  the  taking  of  an  abdominal  x‐ray  and  an  apparent  miscommunication or misunderstanding of the level of expertise being offered in the interpretation  of a chest x‐ray. 
4) I am concerned that there is a lack of knowledge amongst medical and nursing staff who may come  into  contact  with  and  have  the  responsibility  for  the  care  of  patients  who  have  undergone  PEG  surgery  about  the post‐operative  risks  of such  surgery,  in particular  the  risk  of peritonitis,  of  the  signs and symptoms which may give rise to a differential diagnosis of peritonitis and of measures  which  would  be  or  may  be  contraindicated  in  the  circumstances  that  complications,  including  peritonitis  develop.  This  is  illustrated  in  the  present  case  by  an  apparent  lack  of  awareness  that  peritonitis  may  develop  and  that  the  use  of  the  PEG  tube  in  the  circumstances  concerned  was  contraindicated and by the omission to place a warning label in the Deceased’s notes as provided for  by  the  applicable  protocol.  The  fact  that  the  use  of  the  PEG  tube  was  contraindicated  was  not  identified in the course of the internal serious incident investigation. 
5) Related  to  4)  above  I  am  concerned  that  the  risk  of  peritonitis  may  have  been  shrouded  by  the  identified risks of sepsis and of aspiration pneumonia and that the risk of peritonitis also needs to be  identifiable by those providing care for patients following such surgery. 
6) The evidence disclosed that certain essential medication had not been retained in close proximity to  the  Deceased,  where  it  was  required.  I  am  concerned  that,  in  such  circumstances,  essential  medication may be required urgently to protect the life of a patient and that systems should be  robust enough to ensure that it is available in the correct location.

Responses

1 respondent
Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust NHS / Health Body
19 Jun 2019 PDF
Action Taken

The Trust has implemented an Accessible Information Standard Policy, an Interpretation and Translation Procedure, and guidelines for the care of people with learning disabilities. It flags Blackpool residents with learning disabilities on electronic patient records and is working to extend this to Lancashire residents. A Red Alert has been issued to staff reminding them of vigilance for peritonitis in post-operative PEG tube patients. (AI summary)

View full response
Dear Mr Holloway Re:_Regulation 28 report relating to an inquest into the death of James David Fletcher write on behalf of the Trust in response to your Regulation 28 report following your inquest into the death of James David Fletcher The Court reached a narrative conclusion and had six matters of concern which shall address in turn; There may be a lack of disseminated guidance and protocols for the care of those patients who are unable to communicate verbally The Trust has an Accessible Information Standard Policy allowing for production of information in different languages and formats, including braille. Our Interpretation and Translation Procedure caters for service users who do not speak English or who are hard of hearing: The Trust has two further relevant guidelines one for the care of people with learning disabilities and the second for the provision of learning disability adapted dementia screening- first of these was instituted in May 2016 and is currently reviewed and revised. Within our Emergency Department Blackpool residents are flagged on the electronic patient record if they are known to have learning disabilities thus alerting medical and nursing staff, These alerts automatically populate the electronic patient tracker for those patients who are admitted from the Emergency Department to our Acute Medical Unit. The Trust is currently working with the Data Controller for Fylde and Wyre CCG so that we may introduce a similar for Lancashire residents in our catchment area Within the Trust we have a lead nurse for learning disability who is available to all staff for advice on the care of patients with learning disabilities and we have a programme for Learning Disability Guides who are link members of staff within the different areas of the Trust. This familiarises them with our current guidelines and sources of further information.
2) Concern regarding record keeping Whilst the Trust has made progress with electronic access to general practice records and partial provision of electronic records within the Emergency Department we have not as yet implemented an Electronic Document Management System (EDMS): A business case was approved by the Trust Board in January 2018 but because of more pressing cost pressures it has not been possible to progress this to date_ A revised business case is in development and due for consideration by Executive Directors by the end of this month: Chairman: Pearse Butler Chief Executive: Kevin McGee (Interm) RESEARCH MATTERS AND SAVES LIVES TODAY'S RESEARCH IS TOMORROW'S CARE Blackpool Teaching Hospitals Centre of Clinica and Research Excellence providing quality up to date care We are actively involvea in undertaking research to improve Ireaiment of our patients member of the heallhcare team may discuss curreant clinical Iral wilh you; disability confident EMpLOYER The being flag

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3) Accuracy of communication between medical and nursing staff The Trust recently introduced a revised early warning score NEWS2 which is a national programme for the recognition of patients who require assessment. There has been training programme overseen by the Interim Director of Quality Improvement and the Deputy Medical Director to ensure that all staff are aware of this_ The above two officers jointly chair the Care of the Acutely Ill Patient workstream within the Trust and have oversight of the roll-out of the training programme In addition the Trust has SBAR tool to convey important information between clinicians when patients are transferred from one area to another area when review of a patient is required.
4) A lack of knowledge about risks of peritonitis in patients who have undergone PEG surgery As identified in the Serious Incident (SI) investigation report signed off by the Chief Executive in December of last year a death after PEG tube insertion is rare and occurs in less than 1% of procedures and peritonitis too is a rare complication_ That notwithstanding; staff should be alert to the risk of peritonitis in any patient who has undergone abdominal surgery and have issued Red Alert to all staff in the light of this serious incident investigation to remind them f: vigilance in the post-operative period and of the need to be alert to the possibility of peritonitis; and guidelines on the care of PEG tubes
5) Risk of peritonitis may be shrouded by risk of sepsis and aspirational pneumonia It is a clinical fact that in patients who are septic it is often difficult to identify the cause of their sepsis_ In Mr Fletcher's case his most likely source was initially thought to be pneumonia. hope that actions arising the Red Alert mentioned in point 4 above will address this concern: Approximate availability of essential medication The practice in the Trust is that all patients on admission have their medication reviewed by the admitting doctor and are then seen by clinical pharmacist and drugs are prescribed for use within the Trust

Report sections

Investigation and inquest
On 02/11/2018 I commenced an investigation into the death of James David FLETCHER (“the Deceased”).  The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 29th April 2019. The conclusion of the inquest as  to the medical cause of death was:    1a Peritonitis  1b Leak of gastric content  1c Feeding tube insertion (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy)  2 Cerebral palsy
Circumstances of the death
The Court reached a narrative conclusion as follows: 

James  David  Fletcher  (“James”)  was  admitted  to  Blackpool  Victoria  Hospital,  Whinney  Heys  Road,  Blackpool (“the Hospital”) on 12th July 2018 for a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (“PEG”) to be  performed.  His  neurological  diagnoses  were  quadriplegic  cerebral  palsy  and  epilepsy.  He  had  other  complications of his severe disability including chronic dislocation of the right elbow, dislocation of the  left elbow joint which had required reconstructive surgery, gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease and reflux  uropathy. He had a learning disability and was unable to communicate verbally. Whereas the surgery was  uneventful, having  been  transferred  to  Ward  15b,  a general  surgical ward,  his condition  deteriorated  post‐operatively.  That  deterioration  was  probably  occasioned  by  a  leak  of  stomach  and  small  bowel  contents through the wall of the stomach into the peritoneal cavity at the site of the insertion of the PEG  tube into the stomach due to slow healing of the wound. That, in turn, gave rise to the development of  chemical peritonitis, a rare but known complication of such surgery, which was established no later than  the morning of 13th July 2018. The peritonitis caused ileus of the small bowel which led to small bowel  obstruction  which,  in  turn,  occasioned  repeated  vomiting.  The  vomiting  exacerbated  the  leakage  of  gastric contents by causing distension of the operative perforation at the site of the insertion of the tube  into the stomach, thereby, in turn, exacerbating the peritonitis.  No consideration was given to the possible presence of peritonitis and no imaging capable of positively  identifying  that  condition  was  undertaken  and  thus  the  peritonitis  went  undetected  prior  to  James’  death.  On  14th  July  2018,  shortly  after  11.08am,  James  died  on  Ward  15b  of  the  Hospital  on  account  of  peritonitis due to leakage of gastric content.  The PEG tube continued to be used in the period following the onset of the peritonitis. The use of the  PEG  tube  was  contraindicated.  It  is  possible  that  this  contributed  more  than  minimally,  negligibly  or  trivially to his death.  Whereas  broad  spectrum  antibiotics  were  not  prescribed  until  13th  July  2018  it  is  not  possible  to  conclude that this contributed more than minimally, negligibly or trivially to his death.  Whereas there were admitted failures to carry out observations of vital signs in accordance with Trust  protocol, to escalate James’ condition and to make clinical provision for him in accordance with Trust  protocol  even  when  elevated  Early  Warning  Scores  were  identified  and  whereas  there  was  a  further  admitted  failure  to  monitor  his  fluid  balance  in  accordance  with  Trust  protocol  it  is  not  possible  to 

conclude that these failures more than minimally, negligibly or trivially contributed to his death.
Copies sent to
[and to the LOCAL SAFEGUARDING BOARD (where the deceased was under 18)]I have also sent it to the following who may find it useful or of interestCARE QUALITY COMMISSIONNHS ENGLANDI am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your responseSignature__ T R Holloway (signed electronically)_______________________  Tim Holloway Assistant Coroner Blackpool & Fylde

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Report details

Reference
2019-0146
Date of report
1 May 2019
Coroner
Tim Holloway
Coroner area
Blackpool & Fylde

Responses identified

Responses identified 1 of 1
All listed responses identified

Organisations named in PFD reports are normally expected to respond within 56 days. Deadline: 23 Sep 2019 (estimated).

Sent to

Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

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