Recommendation 10

Threats to the UK from state actors that fall short of military action are continuing to grow. Foreign powers are increasingly willing to coerce or undermine others using economic tools or by exploiting economic interdependencies. Russia, China, Iran and North Korea are most often cited as being directly or indirectly responsible for hostile acts targeting the UK. However, actions taken by the UK’s allies—as part of intensifying political, economic and technological competition globally—also contribute to geopolitical uncertainty and economic instability. (Conclusion, Paragraph 43)