Select committee: Communications and Digital Committee

Freedom of expression online

Closed Opened 29 Oct 2020 Closed 27 Oct 2022 2 recommendations
Inquiry scope (the committee's words)
Debates and exchanges of information and content increasingly take place online. The internet has enabled individuals to publish and share their views with large audiences in a way that was not previously possible. This inquiry will investigate how public policy can best protect the right to freedom of expression on the internet and how that right should be balanced with other priorities.

Where it stands

The inquiry is closed, opened 29 October 2020.

The committee has published 1 report, most recently 1st Report - Free for all? Freedom of expression in the digital age on 22 July 2021.

The government's response

Published 1 November 2021. The deadline was 29 October 2021.

Read the government's response ↗ Report an error

Recommendations and conclusions

All 2 recommendations and conclusions

Reports

All reports

Evidence

  • 16 oral evidence sessionsLatest 13 May 2021
  • 56 witnesses
All evidence

Recent activity

Meetings and visits

Recommendations and conclusions 2 shown

Recommendation 185

Recommendation · 1st Report - Free for all? Freedom of expression in the digital age

Recommended (the committee's words)
We reiterate our recommendation that a joint committee of Parliament should be established to scrutinise the work of digital regulators. This joint committee should also scrutinise the independence of Ofcom and statutory instruments relating to digital regulation. Journalistic content

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Recommendation 42

Recommendation · 1st Report - Free for all? Freedom of expression in the digital age

Recommended (the committee's words)
We reiterate our recommendation for a mandatory bargaining code to ensure fair negotiations between platforms and publishers. Google’s and Facebook’s voluntary initiatives to pay some publishers for some of the use of their content are welcome. However, such agreements reflect the fundamental imbalance of power between the two sides. As the Competition and Markets Authority has noted, publishers have little choice but to accept the terms they are offered. Only a mandatory bargaining code, with the possibility of independent arbitration, can ensure that publishers—particularly smaller and local publishers—get a fair deal. The code should also cover how platforms use and curate publishers’ content.

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Reports

1 report

Oral evidence sessions

16 sessions

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Date Session and witnesses Source
13 May 2021
Oral evidence session
Elizabeth Kanter · TikTok, Henry Turnbull · Snap Inc
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11 May 2021
Oral evidence session
Becky Foreman · Microsoft, Caroline Dinenage MP · Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, Katie O'Donovan · Google UK, Sarah Connolly · Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport
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27 Apr 2021
Oral evidence session
Clare Alexander · Aitken Alexander Associates, David Shelley · Hachette UK, Katy Minshall · Twitter, Richard Earley · Facebook
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20 Apr 2021
Oral evidence session
Chi Onwurah · Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, David Tucker · College of Policing, Robert Colvile · Centre for Policy Studies, Senator Marsha Blackburn · US Senate
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13 Apr 2021
Oral evidence session
Daniel Gordon · Competition and Markets Authority, Professor Andrew Murray · The London School of Economics and Political Science, Professor Lorna Woods · Essex Law School, University of Essex, Simeon Thornton · Competition and Markets Authority
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23 Mar 2021
Oral evidence session
David Kaye · University of California, Irvine, Dr Nicholas Hoggard · Law Commission, Professor Penney Lewis · The Law Commission, Ross LaJeunesse · Google
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16 Mar 2021
Oral evidence session
Gill Phillips · Guardian News & Media, Lizzie Greene · DMG Media, Matt Rogerson · Guardian Media Group, Peter Wright · DMG Media, Renate Künast MP (German Bundestag) · Alliance 90/The Greens
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9 Mar 2021
Oral evidence session
Jim Killock · Open Rights Group, Julia Reda · Society for Civil Rights, Mr Graham Linehan, Ms Helen Staniland
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2 Mar 2021
Oral evidence session
Alan Rusbridger, Dr Liza Lovdahl Gormsen · British Institute of International and Comparative Law, Kate Klonick · School of Law, St John's University, Professor Damien Geradin · Geradin Partners
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23 Feb 2021
Oral evidence session
Dr Lucas Graves · Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, Professor Carissa Véliz · Faculty of Philosophy, Institute for Ethics in AI, Hertford College, University of Oxford, Professor Sandra Wachter · Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Will Moy · Full Fact
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9 Feb 2021
Oral evidence session
Jimmy Wales · Wikipedia, Kenny Ethan Jones, MS Seyi Akiwowo · Glitch
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2 Feb 2021
Oral evidence session
Dr Fiona Vera-Gray · Department of Sociology, Durham University, Dr Roxane Farmanfarmaian · Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Cambridge, Dr Sharath Srinivasan · Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Cambridge, Louise Perry · Freelance
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19 Jan 2021
Oral evidence session
Dr David Erdos · University of Cambridge, Dr Edina Harbinja · Aston University, The Rt Rev. and the Rt Hon. the Lord Williams of Oystermouth
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8 Dec 2020
Oral evidence session
Mehwish Ansari · Article 19, Mr Richard Wingfield · Global Partners Digital, Ruth Smeeth · Index on Censorship
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1 Dec 2020
Oral evidence session
Benedict Evans, Mark Scott · Politico
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24 Nov 2020
Oral evidence session
Ayishat Akanbi, Dr Jeffrey Howard · UCL Department of Political Science
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Who gave evidence

56 witnesses

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WitnessOrganisationSessions
Alan Rusbridger Not recorded 1
Ayishat Akanbi Not recorded 1
Becky Foreman · UK Corporate Affairs Director Microsoft 1
Benedict Evans Not recorded 1
Caroline Dinenage MP · Minister for Digital and Culture Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport 1
Chi Onwurah · Shadow Minister for Digital, Science and Technology Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport 1
Clare Alexander · Chair Aitken Alexander Associates 1
Daniel Gordon · Senior Director of Markets Competition and Markets Authority 1
David Kaye · Clinical Professor of Law University of California, Irvine 1
David Shelley · Chief Executive Officer Hachette UK 1
David Tucker · Faculty Lead on Crime and Criminal Justice College of Policing 1
Dr David Erdos · Senior Lecturer in Law and the Open Society University of Cambridge 1
Dr Edina Harbinja · Senior Lecturer in Media and Privacy Law, Aston Law School Aston University 1
Dr Fiona Vera-Gray · Assistant Professor Department of Sociology, Durham University 1
Dr Jeffrey Howard · Associate Professor UCL Department of Political Science 1
Dr Liza Lovdahl Gormsen · Director of the Competition Law Forum & Senior Research Fellow In Competition Law British Institute of International and Comparative Law 1
Dr Lucas Graves · Research Associate Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism 1
Dr Nicholas Hoggard · Lawyer Law Commission 1
Dr Roxane Farmanfarmaian · Director, ‘Protecting Freedom of Expression in Religious Context’ Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Cambridge 1
Dr Sharath Srinivasan · Lecturer in Governance and Human Rights, King's College Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Cambridge 1
Elizabeth Kanter · Director of Government Relations and Public Policy UK TikTok 1
Gill Phillips · Director of Editorial Legal Services Guardian News & Media 1
Henry Turnbull · Head of Public Policy UK & Nordics Snap Inc 1
Jim Killock · Chief Executive Officer Open Rights Group 1
Jimmy Wales · Co-Founder Wikipedia 1
Julia Reda · Researcher Society for Civil Rights 1
Kate Klonick · Assistant Professor of Law School of Law, St John's University 1
Katie O'Donovan · Public Policy Manager Google UK 1
Katy Minshall · Head of UK Public Policy Twitter 1
Kenny Ethan Jones Not recorded 1
Lizzie Greene · Legal Adviser DMG Media 1
Louise Perry · Writer and campaigner Freelance 1
Mark Scott · Chief Technology Correspondent Politico 1
Matt Rogerson · Director of Public Policy Guardian Media Group 1
Mehwish Ansari · Head of Digital Article 19 1
Mr Graham Linehan Not recorded 1
Mr Richard Wingfield · Head of Legal Global Partners Digital 1
Ms Helen Staniland Not recorded 1
MS Seyi Akiwowo · Founder and Executive Director Glitch 1
Peter Wright · Editor Emeritus DMG Media 1
Professor Andrew Murray · Associate Dean of LSE Law School and Professor of Law The London School of Economics and Political Science 1
Professor Carissa Véliz · Associate Professor Faculty of Philosophy, Institute for Ethics in AI, Hertford College, University of Oxford 1
Professor Damien Geradin · founding partner Geradin Partners 1
Professor Lorna Woods · Professor of Law Essex Law School, University of Essex 1
Professor Penney Lewis · Criminal Law Commissioner The Law Commission 1
Professor Sandra Wachter · Associate Professor Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford 1
Renate Künast MP (German Bundestag) · Member Alliance 90/The Greens 1
Richard Earley · UK Public Policy Manager Facebook 1
Robert Colvile · Director Centre for Policy Studies 1
Ross LaJeunesse · former Global Head of International Relations Google 1
Ruth Smeeth · Chief Executive Index on Censorship 1
Sarah Connolly · Director, Security and Online Harms Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport 1
Senator Marsha Blackburn · Senator for Tennessee US Senate 1
Simeon Thornton · Director Competition and Markets Authority 1
The Rt Rev. and the Rt Hon. the Lord Williams of Oystermouth Not recorded 1
Will Moy Full Fact 1

Correspondence

2 letters

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Meetings & visits

11 items

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DateTypeDetailSource
20 Jul 2021 Formal meeting (private meeting) Not recorded · Virtual meeting
13 Jul 2021 Formal meeting (private meeting) Not recorded · Virtual meeting
6 Jul 2021 Formal meeting (private meeting) Not recorded · Virtual meeting
29 Jun 2021 Formal meeting (private meeting) Not recorded · Virtual meeting
15 Jun 2021 Formal meeting (private meeting) Not recorded · Virtual meeting
20 May 2021 Formal meeting (private meeting) Not recorded · Virtual meeting
22 Apr 2021 Formal meeting (private meeting) Not recorded · Virtual meeting
14 Apr 2021 Formal meeting (private meeting) Not recorded · Virtual meeting
18 Mar 2021 Formal meeting (private meeting) Not recorded · Virtual meeting
11 Mar 2021 Formal meeting (private meeting) Not recorded · Virtual meeting
25 Feb 2021 Formal meeting (private meeting) Not recorded · Virtual meeting