Select Committee · Public Accounts Committee

Achieving government’s long-term environmental goals

Status: Closed Opened: 22 Oct 2020 Closed: 19 Apr 2021 7 recommendations 15 conclusions 1 report

In January 2018, government published its 25 Year Environment Plan, setting out its ambition to improve the natural environment in England within a generation: both for the direct benefits this would bring, as well as to support its influence overseas and position the UK as a global environmental leader. The plan included ten overarching goals … Show more

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Fortieth Report - Achieving government’s long-term environm… HC 927 3 Feb 2021 22 Responded

Recommendations & Conclusions

22 items
2 Recommendation Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Not Addressed

The Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs has the policy responsibility for the environment,...

The Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs has the policy responsibility for the environment, but not the clout to hold other departments to account or manage trade-offs between policy areas. In July 2018, the Environmental Audit Committee recommended that government needed to do more to ensure that all departments, … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government's response refers to a PAC conclusion about HM Revenue & Customs' Net Cash Requirement breach, completely failing to address the recommendation regarding reviewing the effectiveness of the cross-government environment board.
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HM Treasury
3 Recommendation Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Not Addressed

Government still does not have a good grip of the total costs required to deliver...

Government still does not have a good grip of the total costs required to deliver its environmental goals and funding so far has been piecemeal. The Department received an additional £1 billion in funding for 2020–21 in the Spending Review 2020, though it is not clear how much of this … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government's response refers to a PAC conclusion about the Home Office's Net Cash Requirement breach, completely failing to address the recommendation regarding reviewing and outlining total costs for environmental goals.
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HM Treasury
4 Recommendation Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Not Addressed

Skills gaps in departments and arm’s length bodies jeopardise government’s capacity to deliver on its...

Skills gaps in departments and arm’s length bodies jeopardise government’s capacity to deliver on its environmental ambitions. Progress towards environmental goals requires skills across government, and particularly in arm’s length bodies who have key responsibility for delivery of the goals. The Environment Agency has a particular risk of skills loss … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government response does not address the recommendation regarding skills gaps but instead states that HM Treasury breached its Capital Annually Managed Expenditure total by £32 million.
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HM Treasury
5 Recommendation Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Accepted in Part

Environmental impacts are still not being taken into account in spending decisions.

Environmental impacts are still not being taken into account in spending decisions. For the last Spending Review, the Treasury asked departments to set out how their proposals would contribute towards the UK’s statutory carbon targets, and to explain their impact on, and coherence with, the 25 Year Plan. However, departments … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the recommendation but states it is reviewing past guidance and considering what additional information should be published following the next spending review, rather than explicitly committing to publish the specific analysis requested.
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HM Treasury
6 Recommendation Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Accepted

We are concerned that the new Office for Environmental Protection will inherit a backlog of...

We are concerned that the new Office for Environmental Protection will inherit a backlog of cases, and remain to be convinced that it will be sufficiently independent. It will take some months for the Office for Environmental Protection and its responsibilities for enforcing environmental law to be established fully under … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government accepted both parts of the recommendation, confirming the Permanent Secretary had written to the committee about the interim OEP setup and that the OEP will have a mandate to report directly to Parliament.
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HM Treasury
1 Conclusion Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Not Addressed

On the basis of a report by the Comptroller and Auditor General, we took evidence...

On the basis of a report by the Comptroller and Auditor General, we took evidence from the Department for the Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (the Department), HM Treasury, Natural England and the Environment Agency about achieving government’s long-term environmental goals.1 Read more

Government response AI summary
The government response does not address the committee's procedural conclusion about taking evidence but instead states that the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy breached its Resource Annually Managed Expenditure total by £4.9 billion.
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HM Treasury
7 Conclusion Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Accepted

Government has not yet met European Union concentration limits for nitrogen dioxide that had an...

Government has not yet met European Union concentration limits for nitrogen dioxide that had an original compliance deadline of 2010, and the UK was one of six member states referred to the European Court in May 2018 over non-compliance.15 In addition, the most recent update on Biodiversity 2020 targets showed … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the committee's observations on missed targets and commits to laying new long-term environmental targets by October 2022, with interim targets in a revised Environment Plan by January 2023. It also aims to finalise all 66 outcome indicators by 2024.
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HM Treasury
8 Conclusion Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Not Addressed

To deliver government’s ambitions as set out in the 25 Year Environment Plan, the Department...

To deliver government’s ambitions as set out in the 25 Year Environment Plan, the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (the Department) has lead responsibility for all environmental policy areas apart from climate change mitigation, for which the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy has the policy lead. … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government response reiterates the origins of the 25 Year Environment Plan and Defra's lead role, noting other government parts also play important roles, without addressing the broader cross-government accountability implied by the committee's reference.
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HM Treasury
9 Conclusion Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Accepted

While the Plan sets out a whole-of-government commitment to improve the environment within a generation,...

While the Plan sets out a whole-of-government commitment to improve the environment within a generation, the existing arrangements for joint working between departments on environmental issues are patchy, with no clear indications of senior ownership of the Plan outside the Department and its own arms-length bodies.19 The Department was the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the committee's observations and confirms it has already established a new Cross-Government 25 Year Environment Plan Board. It commits to providing an initial assessment of the board's effectiveness by June 2021 and a fuller assessment by July 2022.
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HM Treasury
10 Conclusion Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Not Addressed

We asked the Department whether it has sufficient clout to manage trade-offs where there is...

We asked the Department whether it has sufficient clout to manage trade-offs where there is competition between departments; and how it plans to bring to bear its responsibility for leading government to deliver on the Plan.25 The Department expects that the new cross-government group will expose difficult choices and trade-offs … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government response is truncated and merely repeats a portion of the original committee text, failing to provide any new information or address the underlying concern about managing cross-departmental trade-offs.
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HM Treasury
11 Conclusion Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Not Addressed

The Department received an additional £1 billion in funding for 2020–21 in the Spending Review,...

The Department received an additional £1 billion in funding for 2020–21 in the Spending Review, however it confirmed that this includes a previously announced increase in flood defence spending.29 It noted that the increase will allow for significant investment in other environmental areas, including tree planting and peatland restoration, however … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the committee's observation on funding but instead of providing the requested breakdown of the £1 billion, it commits to determining and publishing the costs for meeting new legally binding targets with HM Treasury by October 2022, to align with the next …
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HM Treasury
12 Conclusion Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Deferred

The Environment Agency and Natural England have a key role to play in delivering government’s...

The Environment Agency and Natural England have a key role to play in delivering government’s environmental goals. Natural England confirmed that it has had its budget reduced by almost half in recent years which has affected its ability to meet demand for its services and deliver its work.31 As a … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees with the committee's observation on funding challenges but defers action by stating that costs for meeting new legally binding targets will be determined with HM Treasury and published by October 2022, to align with the next Environmental Improvement Plan by January 2023.
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HM Treasury
13 Recommendation Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Accepted

There is no single point of responsibility within government for monitoring overall spend on environmental...

There is no single point of responsibility within government for monitoring overall spend on environmental goals, and neither the Department nor the Treasury yet have a good understanding of the long-term costs involved in delivering the goals. Moreover, while the Department had started an analysis of spend by environmental goal … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government accepted the recommendation, committing to establish a robust framework through the Environment Bill for developing the economic case for environmental targets, and will publish determined costs by October 2022.
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HM Treasury
14 Recommendation Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Accepted

Government needs to ensure that organisations have access to the skills and resources they require...

Government needs to ensure that organisations have access to the skills and resources they require to play their part in delivering environmental goals.35 The Department told us that both scientific and project management skills are required to make progress, particularly in the Environment Agency and Natural England as key delivery … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees to the recommendation, stating it is working to understand and develop required skills and will develop a wider skills and capability plan to ensure organisations have the necessary expertise and resources for environmental goals.
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HM Treasury
15 Conclusion Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Acknowledged

We asked about the diversity of the workforce to deliver these environmental goals, and the...

We asked about the diversity of the workforce to deliver these environmental goals, and the Environment Agency noted the steps it has taken to improve diversity, for example going into technical institutes where there may be a higher proportion of Black, Asian and minority ethnic candidates and offering apprenticeships to … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the importance of skills and capability for environmental outcomes, describing ongoing work within Defra group agencies and a commitment to develop a wider skills and capability plan.
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HM Treasury
16 Conclusion Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Acknowledged

We asked the Department what its role is in relation to creating and retaining ‘green’...

We asked the Department what its role is in relation to creating and retaining ‘green’ jobs. It told us that the Green Recovery Challenge Fund, established in response to the Covid-19 pandemic and initially funded to £40 million, has been extended in the recent Spending Review, and the fund doubled … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government acknowledges the need to understand and develop skills for environmental outcomes, describing ongoing work within Defra group agencies and committing to develop a wider skills and capability plan, without directly addressing green job creation.
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HM Treasury
17 Conclusion Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Accepted

We asked the Treasury what it was doing to ensure departments factor the environment into...

We asked the Treasury what it was doing to ensure departments factor the environment into their spending bids. Treasury told us that for the 2020 Spending Review it asked departments for an assessment of the contribution of their proposals towards delivering the UK’s statutory climate objectives in terms of emissions; … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees, outlining that HM Treasury requires departments to assess environmental impacts during spending reviews via the Green Book, continuously updates guidance, and is reviewing learning from the 2020 Spending Review to consider publishing additional information.
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HM Treasury
18 Conclusion Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Accepted

Treasury told us that the extent to which departments appraise the environmental impact of what...

Treasury told us that the extent to which departments appraise the environmental impact of what they are doing is variable, a good example being the Department for Transport which has worked closely with Defra and the Treasury on its programme to improve air quality in local authorities, and another being … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and outlines existing processes such as the Green Book for assessing environmental impacts, noting continuous improvements and an ongoing review of the environmental discount rate, while considering publishing additional information after the next spending review.
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HM Treasury
19 Conclusion Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Accepted

Treasury conceded that there is a long way to go before accounting for the environment...

Treasury conceded that there is a long way to go before accounting for the environment is fully embedded within the spending review process and is on a level pegging with carbon emissions where there is a statutory budget-setting process. It said it needed to do more to ensure the guidance … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees to integrate environmental considerations further into spending reviews by continuously improving the Green Book, conducting a review of the environmental discount rate, and considering additional publication of information on environmental impacts after the next spending review.
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HM Treasury
20 Conclusion Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Accepted

As the Office for Environmental Protection is yet to be established under the provisions of...

As the Office for Environmental Protection is yet to be established under the provisions of the Environment Bill, we asked the Department about interim arrangements for holding public bodies to account on environmental law. The Department told us that a secretariat is in place, and the Chair-Designate of the Office … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees and will set up the Office for Environmental Protection (OEP) in interim form from July 2021, led by the Chair-designate and other directors, to begin functions like receiving complaints and developing strategy before the Environment Bill's Royal Assent.
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HM Treasury
21 Conclusion Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Accepted

The interim secretariat will be able to make assessments around reported breaches of environmental law...

The interim secretariat will be able to make assessments around reported breaches of environmental law by public bodies. It will then be up to the Office to catch up on these 45 Q 20 46 HM Treasury, The Green Book: Central Government Guidance on Appraisal and Evaluation, 2020 47 Q … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees, stating it is setting up the Office for Environmental Protection (OEP) in interim form from July 2021, outlining its functions and ensuring it can use its full powers upon Royal Assent.
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HM Treasury
22 Conclusion Fortieth Report - Achieving government’… Accepted

In discussing the reporting obligations of the Office, the Department explained that it will report...

In discussing the reporting obligations of the Office, the Department explained that it will report to Ministers, who can then be held to account by Parliament. We noted that this is in contrast to the Climate Change Committee, which must report directly to Parliament.55 The Department told us that Ministers … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government confirms the Office for Environmental Protection (OEP) will be operationally independent, reporting to Parliament on its functions and findings, despite being accountable to Ministers, and is establishing the OEP in interim form from July 2021.
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HM Treasury

Oral evidence sessions

1 session
Date Witnesses
3 Dec 2020 David Hill · Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Marian Spain · Natural England, Philip Duffy · Environment Agency, Sir James Bevan · Environment Agency, Tamara Finkelstein · Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs View ↗

Who gave evidence

5 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
David Hill · Director General for Strategy and Water Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 1
Marian Spain · Chief Executive Natural England 1
Philip Duffy · Chief Executive Environment Agency 1
Sir James Bevan · Chief Executive Environment Agency 1
Tamara Finkelstein · Permanent Secretary Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 1

Correspondence

3 letters
DateDirectionTitle
13 Jul 2021 Correspondence from Sir James Bevan, Chief Executive’s Office, Environment Agen…
13 Jan 2021 Correspondence from Tamara Finkelstein, Permanent Secretary, DEFRA, re Covid fu…
13 Jan 2021 Correspondence from Sir James Bevan, Chief Executive, Environment Agency, re Wa…