Select Committee · Public Accounts Committee

Accountability in small government bodies

Status: Open Opened: 6 May 2025 2 recommendations 20 conclusions 1 report

To ensure public money is spent and managed well, both Government departments and arms-length bodies must comply with a wide range of standards and requirements. This includes annual reporting and compliance with governance, planning and delivery expectations. Though Departments and bodies vary drastically in size, many of these obligations are universally applied. The Public Accounts …

Reports

1 report
Title HC No. Published Items Response
77th Report - Accountability in small government bodies HC 887 24 Apr 2026 22 Pending

Recommendations & Conclusions

22 items
2 Conclusion 77th Report - Accountability in small g…

A tailored financial reporting regime for small, low-risk bodies would allow for more meaningful reports...

A tailored financial reporting regime for small, low-risk bodies would allow for more meaningful reports and free up time for frontline delivery. Financial reporting requirements are disproportionately 2 onerous for smaller, low-risk bodies. The costs of producing and auditing lengthy, overly detailed annual reports and accounts often outweigh the associated …

HM Treasury
3 Conclusion 77th Report - Accountability in small g…

Government’s requirements for delivering specialist functions such as digital and procurement effectively are often ill-suited...

Government’s requirements for delivering specialist functions such as digital and procurement effectively are often ill-suited to small bodies. Government’s requirements for delivering specialist functions (functional standards) and their associated guidance can be useful to small bodies, but they are often designed with larger organisations in mind. For example, the guidance …

HM Treasury
4 Recommendation 77th Report - Accountability in small g…

Sponsor departments and the centre of government can do more to help small bodies apply...

Sponsor departments and the centre of government can do more to help small bodies apply requirements effectively and proportionately. Small bodies would benefit from greater support to help them comply with requirements. In large organisations, staff can specialise in specific areas and readily draw on the expertise of colleagues. By …

HM Treasury
5 Recommendation 77th Report - Accountability in small g…

Relying on shared corporate services such as HR, estates and finance is not always the...

Relying on shared corporate services such as HR, estates and finance is not always the best option for small bodies. Shared corporate services, such as estates and IT, have the potential to deliver efficiencies and free up resources in small bodies to focus on frontline delivery. Under the government’s shared …

HM Treasury
1 Conclusion 77th Report - Accountability in small g…

On the basis of a report by the Comptroller and Auditor General, we took evidence...

On the basis of a report by the Comptroller and Auditor General, we took evidence from the Cabinet Office and HM Treasury on accountability in small government bodies.1 We also took evidence from the Government’s Actuary Department, the Office of the Children’s Commissioner and the Ministry of Justice.

HM Treasury
6 Conclusion 77th Report - Accountability in small g…

Since launching the ongoing public bodies review, government’s efforts have focused on consolidating larger bodies.

Since launching the ongoing public bodies review, government’s efforts have focused on consolidating larger bodies. However, there are also significant benefits in consolidating smaller bodies where appropriate, beyond the potential to achieve efficiency savings and economies of scale. The Government Actuary’s Department and the Office of the Children’s Commissioner have …

HM Treasury
7 Conclusion 77th Report - Accountability in small g…

While successive governments have consolidated some public bodies, they have also set up new bodies,...

While successive governments have consolidated some public bodies, they have also set up new bodies, including small ones. When our predecessor Public Accounts Committee reported on arm’s-length bodies in 2021, it found that, despite the guidance that creating a new arm’s-length body should be a “last resort”, government often did …

HM Treasury
8 Conclusion 77th Report - Accountability in small g…

The Ministry of Justice and the Office of the Children’s Commissioner told us that, there...

The Ministry of Justice and the Office of the Children’s Commissioner told us that, there can be a sound rationale for having separate small bodies, such as when legislation requires an office holder to be independent.9 But the opposite is also true. All Government Departments should think carefully about the …

HM Treasury
9 Conclusion 77th Report - Accountability in small g…

There is no single, commonly agreed definition of a small, low-risk central government body.

There is no single, commonly agreed definition of a small, low-risk central government body. The NAO report classified central government or parliamentary bodies that spent up to £30 million in 2022–23 or had up to 50 full-time equivalent (FTE) employees on 31 March 2023 as small.11 HM Treasury has not …

HM Treasury
10 Conclusion 77th Report - Accountability in small g…

Small central government bodies are largely subject to the same financial reporting and external audit...

Small central government bodies are largely subject to the same financial reporting and external audit requirements as large bodies. This is unlike small companies and charities in the UK, and small central government bodies in countries such as New Zealand and Portugal, which benefit from exemptions and simplified requirements.15 The …

HM Treasury
11 Conclusion 77th Report - Accountability in small g…

The Government’s Actuary’s Department and the Office of the Children’s Commissioner told us that the...

The Government’s Actuary’s Department and the Office of the Children’s Commissioner told us that the preparation and audit of their ARAs can be timeconsuming.17 This limits their ability to pursue other valuable work and brings limited benefits.18 The Electoral Commission told us in a written submission that compliance with requirements …

HM Treasury
13 Conclusion 77th Report - Accountability in small g…

Some aspects of the functional standards, their supporting guidance and self-assessments are better suited to...

Some aspects of the functional standards, their supporting guidance and self-assessments are better suited to large organisations which have experts in a range of specialist areas than to small organisations which operate in a more agile way.26 For instance, the Government Actuary’s Department told us that the security standard, which …

HM Treasury
14 Conclusion 77th Report - Accountability in small g…

The functional standards include advisory elements.

The functional standards include advisory elements. Organisations can choose to either comply with them or explain why they have not complied with them.29 The Ministry of Justice told us that this approach is probably more weighted towards “comply” than “explain”.30 It noted that more openness on when certain types of …

HM Treasury
15 Conclusion 77th Report - Accountability in small g…

The Cabinet Office told us that, in the light of feedback from government bodies, it...

The Cabinet Office told us that, in the light of feedback from government bodies, it has asked the government functions to provide more guidance on how to apply the standards proportionately.33 The functions are currently revising standards and guidance in the light of Project Reset, which plans to transfer more …

HM Treasury
16 Conclusion 77th Report - Accountability in small g…

Some of the functions’ self-assessments and guidance require specialist expertise that small bodies often lack.

Some of the functions’ self-assessments and guidance require specialist expertise that small bodies often lack. For instance, the criteria for a ‘good’ level of compliance with the HR standard include escalation to complex casework specialists.35 Small bodies often rely on their sponsor department to access this expertise.36 The Ministry of …

HM Treasury
19 Conclusion 77th Report - Accountability in small g…

Small government bodies often rely on shared corporate services, which are provided by their sponsor...

Small government bodies often rely on shared corporate services, which are provided by their sponsor department or other organisations. For example, HM Treasury provides IT services and the Government Property Agency provides estates services to the Government Actuary’s Department.42 The Office of the Children’s Commissioner uses the Department for Education’s …

HM Treasury
21 Conclusion 77th Report - Accountability in small g…

The Cabinet Office told us that greater adoption of shared services across government, including by...

The Cabinet Office told us that greater adoption of shared services across government, including by small bodies, can deliver significant savings.46 The Cabinet Office, HM Treasury and Ministry of Justice stated that, for small bodies, relying on shared corporate services is more efficient than maintaining specialist capabilities in-house. Shared services …

HM Treasury
22 Conclusion 77th Report - Accountability in small g…

Small bodies told us that shared corporate services do not always suit them.

Small bodies told us that shared corporate services do not always suit them. The Office of the Children’s Commissioner told us that delivering back-office functions, such as payroll, in-house allows it to operate more flexibly, at very low cost, and with fewer processes than by using shared services.49 A submission …

HM Treasury

Oral evidence sessions

1 session
Date Witnesses
26 Jan 2026 Andrew Cartner · HM Treasury, Conrad Smewing · HM Treasury, Farhad Chikhalia · Ministry of Justice, Indrani Banerjee-Jones · Government Actuary’s Department, Janet Hughes · Cabinet Office, Micon Metcalfe · Office of the Children's Commissioner View ↗