Recommendation 14

The Bill must be amended to include a mechanism for prior judicial approval of CCAs (with appropriate provision for urgent cases). It is noted that Judicial Commissioners appointed under the Investigatory Powers Act 2016 carry out a prior approval function in respect of other covert investigatory activities. This function of Judicial Commissioners could be extended to cover the grant of CCAs. (Paragraph 100) 34 Legislative Scrutiny: Covert Human Intelligence Sources (Criminal Conduct) Bill Immunity from criminal prosecution and civil liability