Recommendation 14

It is right to say that the overall effectiveness and value-for-money of QE and QT should be judged by their wider macroeconomic impacts on inflation, growth, and employment, rather than on the direct fiscal costs alone. There is agreement among many that certain rounds of QE, especially the initial rounds, were effective and easily justify the later fiscal cost. However, there is a spread of views about the relative economic impact of later rounds of QE, including, it seems, among Bank officials.