Select Committee · International Development Committee

Effectiveness of UK AID

Status: Closed Opened: 9 Mar 2020 Closed: 2 Oct 2020 12 recommendations 4 conclusions 2 reports

Interim and final Report's published The International Development Committee launched an inquiry into the role of UK aid and the work of the Department for International Development (DFID). The inquiry was aimed at the fundamentals of what UK aid is spent on and who spends it. During this inquiry, the Government merged the FCO and … Show more

Reports

2 reports
Title HC No. Published Items Response
Fourth Report - Effectiveness of UK aid: potential impact o… HC 596 16 Jul 2020 16 Responded
Second Report - Effectiveness of UK aid: interim findings HC 215 9 Jun 2020 0

Recommendations & Conclusions

16 items
1 Conclusion Fourth Report - Effectiveness of UK aid… Rejected

Reorganising departments is not easy.

Reorganising departments is not easy. In our view, the decision to merge the FCO and DFID into a new international department, the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), is flawed on a number of grounds: • The decision was taken whilst the Integrated Review was paused, in its early stages, … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government defends the merger of FCO and DFID, stating it reflects the Prime Minister's commitment to a unified British foreign policy and will maximise global influence. It argues the timing was right to shape the new department's objectives and unify the international COVID-19 response.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
2 Conclusion Fourth Report - Effectiveness of UK aid… Rejected

While merging departments may seem attractive short-term, with improved policy coherence and possible administrative savings,...

While merging departments may seem attractive short-term, with improved policy coherence and possible administrative savings, they can be extremely costly and disruptive and impair organisational effectiveness. In the long run, the creation of the FCDO could reduce the UK’s influence on the world stage. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government counters the committee's concerns, stating the merger is a key moment to maximise international impact and will make the UK a stronger force globally. While acknowledging potential costs, it states these are being monitored, commitments made to minimise them, and will be factored …
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
3 Recommendation Fourth Report - Effectiveness of UK aid… Not Addressed

In the light of developments since the publication of this Committee’s interim findings on the...

In the light of developments since the publication of this Committee’s interim findings on the effectiveness of UK aid, we restate the recommendation we made in that report about significant reorganisations of UK aid: that the Government should present a statement to Parliament setting out an evidence-led rationale for any … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government justifies the merger by citing efficiency and influence, noting that long-term cost savings may occur but are not the primary goal, and that work has begun to monitor short-term additional costs. It does not commit to presenting a formal, quantified statement to Parliament …
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
4 Conclusion Fourth Report - Effectiveness of UK aid… Not Addressed

While there has been a trend in recent years for some OECD donor countries to...

While there has been a trend in recent years for some OECD donor countries to merge their development and foreign policy administrative bodies, all the other most substantial donor countries - the United States, Germany, France and Japan - typically adopt governance models where there is a clear separation between … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government justifies its decision to merge DFID and FCO, stating it will enhance aid by aligning development and foreign policy and is considering international evidence from other mergers, without directly addressing the committee's observation about other substantial donor countries typically separating policy and implementation.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
5 Conclusion Fourth Report - Effectiveness of UK aid… Accepted

UK aid spending amplifies the UK’s voice on the world stage, promoting our national interest...

UK aid spending amplifies the UK’s voice on the world stage, promoting our national interest by projecting our core values, and transforming the lives of people living in the very poorest countries. A potential shift of the UK’s ODA budget away from helping the very poorest people would be counterproductive … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government affirms its commitment to protecting the most vulnerable and poverty reduction, stating this is central to its work and reflected in current ODA priorities such as humanitarian crises and support for vulnerable countries.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
6 Recommendation Fourth Report - Effectiveness of UK aid… Deferred

Poverty reduction should continue to form a central part of the Government’s international policy.

Poverty reduction should continue to form a central part of the Government’s international policy. Accordingly, it should commit to targeting the majority of the UK’s ODA spend towards the very poorest countries. The Government should also set out how its refreshed international policy intends to work towards attainment of the … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government commits to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals but defers setting out specific foreign policy priorities and how they will be achieved to the Integrated Review.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
7 Recommendation Fourth Report - Effectiveness of UK aid… Accepted

The UK’s development legislation plays an intrinsic part in ensuring that aid is spent well...

The UK’s development legislation plays an intrinsic part in ensuring that aid is spent well and is focused upon poverty reduction. The very presence of this legislation demonstrates the UK’s role as a serious player in international development, and accordingly the Government should commit to maintaining the UK’s development legislation. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government confirms its commitment to poverty reduction and states it will undergo the necessary process to transfer responsibilities under the International Development Act to the new FCDO, maintaining the legislation and the 0.7% aid spending commitment.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
8 Recommendation Fourth Report - Effectiveness of UK aid… Rejected

We recommend that the Government appoints a Minister for Development with responsibility for the totality...

We recommend that the Government appoints a Minister for Development with responsibility for the totality of the UK’s aid spend, and that this Minister attends Cabinet. We also recommend that this Minister attends the National Security Council.

Government response AI summary
The government rejects the recommendation to appoint a dedicated Minister for Development who attends Cabinet and the National Security Council, stating that the Foreign Secretary is currently responsible for development and aid spend.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
9 Recommendation Fourth Report - Effectiveness of UK aid… Acknowledged

UK aid will increasingly have to balance short term diplomatic needs and initiatives with long...

UK aid will increasingly have to balance short term diplomatic needs and initiatives with long term development objectives. Ultimately, ensuring that UK aid interventions are high quality is crucial to maintaining the UK’s reputation as a top-level development provider, and we are concerned that the FCO’s performance in ICAI reviews … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states it strives to ensure all programming is effective and meets ICAI standards of 'green/amber' where applicable, affirming its commitment to improving the effectiveness of UK aid. However, it does not commit to setting a formal target for this achievement within the specified …
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
10 Recommendation Fourth Report - Effectiveness of UK aid… Accepted

In the face of pandemic-related budget cuts, difficult decisions will need to be made as...

In the face of pandemic-related budget cuts, difficult decisions will need to be made as to how savings can be made whilst protecting the overall effectiveness of aid spending. Given the grave challenges faced by developing countries in tackling COVID-19, disproportionately cutting long-term and locally led development programmes would hamper … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government commits to prioritising ODA spend for 2020 on key strategic objectives, including humanitarian crises and the COVID-19 response, and will continue to invest in multi-annual programmes and local leadership of projects.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
11 Recommendation Fourth Report - Effectiveness of UK aid… Accepted

To safeguard the effectiveness of UK aid interventions, the Government should set out how it...

To safeguard the effectiveness of UK aid interventions, the Government should set out how it intends to capture and retain DFID expertise in doing development well, and what plans are in place to rapidly train FCO staff in the skills necessary to manage effective and poverty reduction focused development programmes. Read more

Government response AI summary
The government details its plan to develop staff skills in the new FCDO by prioritising learning and development, embedding best practices from the Infrastructure and Projects Authority, integrating operating frameworks, and utilizing technical advisers and existing learning platforms to maintain high-quality programme management.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
12 Recommendation Fourth Report - Effectiveness of UK aid… Accepted in Part

Aid spending through the FCO continues to raise concerns relating to transparency and quality of...

Aid spending through the FCO continues to raise concerns relating to transparency and quality of programming. With the new FCDO set to become the largest Effectiveness of UK aid: potential impact of FCO/DFID merger 39 implementing department of UK aid spending, this trend is very concerning. The Government should set … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government commits to improving global aid transparency and maintaining high standards, stating that work has begun to integrate data systems and that the FCDO will be assessed in the 2022 Aid Transparency Index, but it does not commit to all UK ODA funding meeting …
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
13 Recommendation Fourth Report - Effectiveness of UK aid… Deferred

Multilateral spending forms an important part of the UK’s ODA, but we are concerned that...

Multilateral spending forms an important part of the UK’s ODA, but we are concerned that the merger may lead to an increase in funds provided to these organisations for generalised future spending rather than targeted funds delivering immediate benefits. As part of the Integrated Review, the Government should set out … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government states that its strategy for multilateral relationships and future ODA allocations, including the balance between bilateral and multilateral channels, will be considered as part of the Integrated Review and determined by the 2020 Spending Review.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
14 Recommendation Fourth Report - Effectiveness of UK aid… Deferred

In 2019, the UK aid budget totalled £15.2 billion.

In 2019, the UK aid budget totalled £15.2 billion. Given the size and complexity of this budget, thorough parliamentary scrutiny of UK aid spending is essential. This is best performed by a dedicated select committee which is able to take a holistic overview of UK ODA, ensuring that aid is … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government agrees on the importance of parliamentary scrutiny and notes that the structure and remit of select committees are ultimately a matter for Parliament, suggesting a new committee will likely be set up to scrutinise the new department.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
15 Recommendation Fourth Report - Effectiveness of UK aid… Accepted in Part

Through its close work with us, and our sub-committee, the Independent Commission for Aid Impact...

Through its close work with us, and our sub-committee, the Independent Commission for Aid Impact (ICAI) is a crucial part of the robust scrutiny architecture which ensures the aid budget is well spent. ICAI’s expert reviews identify areas of good practice as well as areas for improvement, helping the UK … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government confirms ICAI will continue to provide independent scrutiny, but its mandate will be broadened to include policy recommendations. A review has been commissioned to ensure its remit and methods align with the new department's aims, rather than retaining it in its exact current …
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
16 Recommendation Fourth Report - Effectiveness of UK aid… Deferred

Drawing upon the highly effective model of cooperation between the National Audit Office and Public...

Drawing upon the highly effective model of cooperation between the National Audit Office and Public Accounts Committee, the new ODA Committee should have responsibility for receiving and considering ICAI’s reviews. It should also have responsibility for the other aspects of cooperation and coordination with ICAI in which we currently participate, … Read more

Government response AI summary
The government commits to parliamentary and independent scrutiny but states that the specific form these arrangements will take following the merger will be set out in due course.
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Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office

Oral evidence sessions

2 sessions
Date Witnesses
28 Apr 2020 Joelle Jenny · Cabinet Secretariat, Nick Dyer · Foreign Commonwealth & Development Office, Rt Hon Anne-Marie Trevelyan, Rt Hon James Cleverly View ↗
17 Mar 2020 Emma Mawdsley · University of Cambridge, Ian Mitchell · Centre for Global Development, James Rogers · Henry Jackson Society, Tamsyn Barton · Independent Commission for Aid Impact View ↗

Who gave evidence

8 witnesses
WitnessOrganisationSessions
Emma Mawdsley · Vice-Principal, Fellow, Newham College University of Cambridge 1
Ian Mitchell · Co-Director, Europe and Senior Policy Fellow Centre for Global Development 1
James Rogers · Directory of the Society's Global Britain Program… Henry Jackson Society 1
Joelle Jenny · Director of Joint Funds Unit Cabinet Secretariat 1
Nick Dyer · Second Permanent Under-Secretary Foreign Commonwealth & Development Office 1
Rt Hon Anne-Marie Trevelyan 1
Rt Hon James Cleverly 1
Tamsyn Barton · Chief Commissioner Independent Commission for Aid Impact 1

Correspondence

10 letters
DateDirectionTitle
22 Sep 2020 Correspondence from the Foreign Secretary to the Chair, concerning the creation…
10 Jul 2020 Correspondence from the Deputy National Security Adviser, 10 Downing Street to …
10 Jul 2020 Correspondence to the Prime Minister from the Chair's of the Defence, Foreign A…
10 Jul 2020 Correspondence from the Deputy National Security Adviser to the International D…
2 Jul 2020 To cttee Correspondence following Chair's letter from the Secretary of State for Interna…
2 Jul 2020 Correspondence from the Secretary of State for International Development and Fo…
2 Jul 2020 Correspondence from the Chair to the Secretary of State for International Devel…
19 May 2020 Correspondence from the Director, Joint Funds Unit, relating to follow-up on th…
19 May 2020 Correspondence from the Secretary of State, relating to follow-up to the Effect…
26 Mar 2020 Correspondence from the Prime Minister, second reply, concerning the Integrated…